Ezi zinto zingaqhelekanga zifumene umdla wabahleli be-C&EN kulo nyaka.
nguKrystal Vasquez
IMFIHLO YE-PEPTO-BISMOL
Ityala: Nat. Commun.
Ulwakhiwo lwe-Bismuth subsalicylate (Bi = pinki; O = bomvu; C = ngwevu)
Kulo nyaka, iqela labaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseStockholm lityhile imfihlakalo yenkulungwane: ulwakhiwo lwe-bismuth subsalicylate, isithako esisebenzayo kwiPepto-Bismol (Nat. Commun. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29566-0). Besebenzisa i-electron diffraction, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba i-compound icwangciswe ngokwee-rodlike layers. Embindini wentonga nganye, ii-oxygen anions ziyatshintshana phakathi kokudibanisa ii-bismuth cations ezintathu nezine. Ii-salicylate anions, okwangoku, zihambelana ne-bismuth ngokusebenzisa amaqela azo e-carboxylic okanye e-phenolic. Besebenzisa iindlela ze-electron microscopy, abaphandi bakwafumanise umahluko kwi-layer stacking. Bakholelwa ukuba olu lungiselelo luphazamisekileyo lunokuchaza isizathu sokuba isakhiwo se-bismuth subsalicylate sikwazile ukuphepha izazinzulu ixesha elide.
Ityala: Ngobubele bukaRoozbeh Jafari
Izinzwa zeGraphene ezinamathele kwingalo zingabonelela ngokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi rhoqo.
IITATOO ZOKUXINXINZELELA NGEGAZI
Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-100, ukujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kuthetha ukuba ingalo yakho icinezelwe nge-cuff efuthwayo. Nangona kunjalo, enye ingxaki yale ndlela kukuba umlinganiselo ngamnye umele umfanekiso omncinci wempilo yomntu yentliziyo. Kodwa ngo-2022, izazinzulu zenze "itattoo" yesikhashana ye-graphene enokuthi ihlale ijonga uxinzelelo lwegazi kangangeeyure ezininzi ngexesha (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01145-w). Uluhlu lwe-sensor olusekwe kwikhabhoni lusebenza ngokuthumela i-electrical currents encinci kwingalo yomntu onxibe kwaye lujonge indlela i-voltage etshintsha ngayo njengoko umbane uhamba kwizicubu zomzimba. Eli xabiso lihambelana notshintsho kumthamo wegazi, olunokuthi i-algorithm yekhompyutha iguqulele kumlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-systolic kunye ne-diastolic. Ngokutsho komnye wababhali bolu phando, uRoozbeh Jafari waseTexas A&M University, esi sixhobo siza kunika oogqirha indlela engacacanga yokujonga impilo yentliziyo yesigulana ixesha elide. Inokunceda iingcali zonyango ukuba zihluze izinto ezingaphandle kwempilo ezichaphazela uxinzelelo lwegazi—njengokutyelela ugqirha ngoxinzelelo.
IINGOZI EZINGUQHELEKILEYO EZIVELWE LUNTU
Ikhredithi: Mikal Schlosser/TU Denmark
Amavolontiya amane ahlala kwigumbi elilawulwa yimozulu ukuze abaphandi bakwazi ukufunda indlela abantu abachaphazela ngayo umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi.
Izazinzulu ziyazi ukuba iimveliso zokucoca, ipeyinti, kunye nezihlaziyi zomoya zonke zichaphazela umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi. Abaphandi bafumanise kulo nyaka ukuba nabantu banako. Ngokubeka abantu abane abazinikeleyo kwigumbi elilawulwa yimozulu, iqela lifumanise ukuba iioyile zendalo eluswini lwabantu zinokusabela kwi-ozone emoyeni ukuvelisa ii-hydroxyl (OH) radicals (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0340). Nje ukuba zenziwe, ezi radicals zisabela kakhulu zinokunyibilikisa iikhompawundi eziphuma emoyeni kwaye zivelise iimolekyuli ezinokuba yingozi. Ioyile yesikhumba ethatha inxaxheba kwezi mpendulo yi-squalene, esabela kwi-ozone ukwenza i-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO). I-Ozone emva koko isabela kwi-6-MHO ukwenza i-OH. Abaphandi baceba ukwakha phezu kwalo msebenzi ngokuphanda indlela amanqanaba ezi radicals ze-hydroxyl eziveliswa ngabantu anokwahluka ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Okwangoku, banethemba lokuba ezi ziphumo ziya kwenza izazinzulu zicinge ngokutsha ngendlela ezivavanya ngayo ikhemistri yangaphakathi, kuba abantu abasoloko bebonwa njengemithombo yokukhupha umbane.
ISAYENSI EKHUSELEKILEYO KWI-FROG
Ukuze bafunde iikhemikhali ezibulala amasele ukuze bazikhusele, abaphandi kufuneka bathathe iisampulu zolusu kwizilwanyana. Kodwa iindlela ezikhoyo zokuthatha iisampulu zihlala zilimaza ezi zilwanyana zithambileyo okanye zifune ukubulawa kwabantu. Ngo-2022, izazinzulu zaphuhlisa indlela enobuntu yokuthatha iisampulu zamasele zisebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yiMasSpec Pen, esisebenzisa isampulu efana nepeni ukuthabatha ii-alkaloids ezikhoyo ngasemva kwezilwanyana (ACS Meas. Sci. Au 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00035). Esi sixhobo senziwe nguLivia Eberlin, ingcali yekhemistri kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas e-Austin. Ekuqaleni sasijoliswe ekuncedeni oogqirha botyando ukuba bahlule phakathi kwezicubu eziphilileyo nezinomhlaza emzimbeni womntu, kodwa uEberlin waqonda ukuba esi sixhobo sinokusetyenziswa ukufunda amasele emva kokuba edibene noLauren O'Connell, isazi sebhayoloji kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford efunda indlela amasele asebenzisa ngayo i-metabolism kunye ne-sequester alkaloids.
Ityala: Livia Eberlin
Ipeni ye-mass spectrometry inokuvavanya ulusu lwamasele anetyhefu ngaphandle kokulimaza izilwanyana.
Ikhredithi: Science/Zhenan Bao
I-electrode eyolulekileyo neqhubayo inokulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wemisipha ye-octopus.
Ii-electrode zilungele i-octopus
Ukuyila ii-bioelectronics kunokuba sisifundo kwisivumelwano. Iipolymers eziguquguqukayo zihlala ziqina njengoko iimpawu zazo zombane ziphucuka. Kodwa iqela labaphandi elikhokelwa yiZhenan Bao yaseStanford University leza ne-electrode eyolulayo neqhubayo, edibanisa ezona zilungileyo kuzo zombini ihlabathi. Into ebalulekileyo ye-electrode kumacandelo ayo adibeneyo—icandelo ngalinye lenziwe ngcono ukuba liqhube okanye likwazi ukunyibilika ukuze lingachasani neempawu zenye. Ukubonisa ubuchule bayo, uBao wasebenzisa i-electrode ukuvuselela ii-neurons kwisiqu sobuchopho seempuku kunye nokulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wemisipha ye-octopus. Ubonise iziphumo zovavanyo zombini kwintlanganiso ye-American Chemical Society's Fall 2022.
UMTHI ONGANGENELI BULLET
Ityala: ACS Nano
Esi sikrweqe somthi sinokugxotha iimbumbulu ngomonakalo omncinci.
Kulo nyaka, iqela labaphandi elikhokelwa yiHuazhong University of Science and Technology's Huazhong University of Science and Technology lenze isikrweqe somthi esomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba siphephe imbumbulu edutyulwe kwi-9 mm revolver (ACS Nano 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10725). Amandla omthi avela kumaphepha awo atshintshanayo e-lignocellulose kunye ne-siloxane polymer edibeneyo. I-lignocellulose iyamelana nokuqhekeka ngenxa yeebhondi zayo ze-hydrogen, ezinokuphinda zenziwe xa zaphukile. Okwangoku, i-polymer ethambileyo iba namandla xa ibethelwa. Ukuze enze le nto, uLi wafumana ugqozi kwi-pirarucu, intlanzi yaseMzantsi Melika enesikhumba esomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba imelane namazinyo abukhali njenge-razor ye-piranha. Ngenxa yokuba isikrweqe somthi sikhaphukhaphu kunezinye izinto ezimelana nokuchaphazeleka, njengentsimbi, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba lo mthi unokuba nezicelo zomkhosi kunye neenqwelo-moya.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-19-2022