Iingcali ezi-6 ziqikelela iindlela ezinkulu zekhemistri ngo-2023
Oosokhemisti kwizifundiswa nakwimizi-mveliso baxoxa ngezinto eziza kuba sematheni kunyaka ozayo
Ikhredithi: Will Ludwig/C&EN/Shutterstock
U-MAHER EL-KADY, IGOSA LEZOBUGCISA, I-NANOTECH ENERGY, NE-ELECTROCHEMIST, IYUNIVESITHI YASE-CALIFORNIA, e-Los Angeles
Ikhredithi: Ngenkxaso ka-Maher El-Kady
“Ukuze siphelise ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha efosili kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ekuphela kwendlela yokwenyani kukufaka umbane yonke into ukusuka kumakhaya ukuya ezimotweni.Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, siye safumana impumelelo enkulu kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweebhetri ezinamandla ngakumbi ekulindeleke ukuba zitshintshe kakhulu indlela esihamba ngayo ukuya emsebenzini kunye nokutyelela abahlobo kunye nosapho.Ukuqinisekisa utshintsho olupheleleyo kumandla ombane, uphuculo olongezelelekileyo kuxinaniso lwamandla, ixesha lokutshajwa ngokutsha, ukhuseleko, ukurisayikilishwa, kunye nexabiso lekilowatt ngeyure nganye zisafuneka.Umntu unokulindela ukuba uphando lwebhetri lukhule ngakumbi ngo-2023 ngenani elandayo leekhemisti kunye nezixhobo zenzululwazi ezisebenza kunye ukunceda ukubeka iimoto zombane ezininzi endleleni.
U-KLAUS LACKNER, UMLAWULI, IZIKO LOKUKHUTSHWA KWE-CARBON ENGABIYO, I-ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
Ikhredithi: IYunivesithi yaseArizona State
“Ukusukela nge-COP27, [inkomfa yendalo esingqongileyo yamazwe ngamazwe eyayibanjwe ngoNovemba e-Egypt], imozulu ekujoliswe kuyo yi-1.5 °C ayizange ibekho, nto leyo eyayigxininisa imfuneko yokususwa kwekhabhoni.Ke ngoko, i-2023 iya kubona inkqubela phambili kubuchwephesha bokubanjwa ngokuthe ngqo emoyeni.Babonelela ngendlela enokunyuka kwizinto ezikhutshwayo ezingakhiyo, kodwa zibiza kakhulu kulawulo lwenkunkuma yekhabhoni.Nangona kunjalo, ukubamba umoya ngokuthe ngqo kunokuqala kuncinci kwaye kukhule ngenani kunobukhulu.Kanye njengeepaneli zelanga, izixhobo zokuthatha umoya ngokuthe ngqo zinokuveliswa ngobuninzi.Imveliso eninzi ibonise ukuthotywa kweendleko ngemiyalelo yobukhulu.Ngowama-2023 unokubona ukuba yeyiphi na itekhnoloji ephuculweyo enokuthi ithathe ithuba lokuthotywa kweendleko kwimveliso eninzi.
U-RALPH MARQUARDT, IGOSA ELIYINTLOKO ENTSHA EZINTSHA, I-EVONIK INDUSTRIES
Ngetyala: Evonik Industries
“Ukunqanda ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngumsebenzi omkhulu.Inokuphumelela kuphela xa sisebenzisa izixhobo zokusebenza ezimbalwa kakhulu.Uqoqosho lwesetyhula lokwenyani lubalulekile kule nto.Igalelo leshishini lemichiza koku liquka izinto ezintsha, iinkqubo ezintsha, kunye nezongezelelo ezinceda ekuvuleni indlela yokuhlaziywa kweemveliso esele zisetyenzisiwe.Benza ukurisayikilishwa koomatshini kusebenze ngakumbi kwaye kwenza ukuba ukurisayikilisha kweekhemikhali okunentsingiselo nangaphaya kwesiseko sepyrolysis.Ukuguqula inkunkuma kwizinto ezixabisekileyo kufuna ubuchule obuvela kwishishini lemichiza.Kumjikelo wokwenyani, inkunkuma iphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ibe yimathiriyeli ekrwada exabisekileyo yeemveliso ezintsha.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sikhawuleze;iinguqulelo zethu ziyafuneka ngoku ukuze uqoqosho lwesetyhula lube lula kwixesha elizayo.”
USARAH E. O'CONNOR, UMLAWULI, ISEBE LEMVELISO ZEMVELO BIOSYNTHESIS, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
Ikhredithi: Sebastian Reuters
“Ubuchule be-'-Omics' busetyenziselwa ukufumanisa imizila yemfuza kunye nee-enzyme ezisetyenziswa yibhaktheriya, ukungunda, izityalo, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ukwenza iimveliso zendalo ezintsonkothileyo.Ezi jini kunye nee-enzymes zinokuthi ke zisetyenziswe, rhoqo zidityaniswe neenkqubo zemichiza, ukuphuhlisa iqonga lemveliso ye-biocatalytic ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwiimolekyuli ezingenakubalwa.Ngoku singenza '-omics' kwiseli enye.Ndixela kwangaphambili ukuba siza kubona indlela ii-transcriptomics zeseli enye kunye ne-genomics ziguqula ngayo isantya apho sifumana khona ezi genes kunye ne-enzymes.Ngaphezu koko, ngoku imetabolomics eneseli enye inokwenzeka, esivumela ukuba silinganise umyinge wemichiza kwiseli nganye, isinika umfanekiso ochane ngakumbi wendlela iseli esebenza ngayo njengomzi-mveliso wemichiza.”
I-RICHMOND SARPONG, I-ORGANIC CHEMIST, IYunivesithi yase-CALIFORNIA, e-BERKELEY
Ngetyala: Niki Stefanelli
"Ukuqonda ngcono ukuntsokotha kweemolekyuli zezinto eziphilayo, umzekelo, indlela yokuqonda phakathi kobunzima besakhiwo kunye nokulula kwe-synthesis, kuya kuqhubeka nokuvela kwinkqubela phambili yokufunda koomatshini, okuya kukhokelela ekukhawulezisweni kokuphendula kunye nokuqikelelwa.Oku kuhambela phambili kuya kondla iindlela ezintsha zokucinga malunga neendawo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali.Enye indlela yokwenza oku kukwenza utshintsho kwiperiphery yeemolekyuli kwaye enye kukuchaphazela utshintsho kumbindi weemolekyuli ngokuhlela amathambo eemolekyuli.Ngenxa yokuba ii-cores ze-organic molecules zibandakanya iibhondi eziqinileyo ezifana ne-carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, kunye ne-carbon-oxygen bonds, ndiyakholelwa ukuba siya kubona ukukhula kwenani leendlela zokusebenzisa ezi ntlobo zebhondi, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezingathinteliyo.Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-photoredox catalysis kuya kuba negalelo kulwalathiso olutsha kuhlelo lwamathambo. "
U-ALISON WENDLANDT, I-ORGANIC CHEMIST, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Ngetyala: Justin Knight
"Ngo-2023, iikhemisti ze-organic ziya kuqhubeka nokunyanzela ukhetho olugqithisileyo.Ndilindele ukukhula okuthe kratya kweendlela zokuhlela ezibonelela ngokuchaneka kwinqanaba le-atom kunye nezixhobo ezitsha zokuthunga iimacromolecules.Ndiqhubeka nokukhuthazwa kukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji esele ikufuphi kwi-organic chemistry toolkit: i-biocatalytic, i-electrochemical, i-photochemical, kunye nezixhobo zenzululwazi zedatha ezintsonkothileyo ziya zisanda ngexabiso lokukhwela.Ndilindele ukuba iindlela zokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo ziya kuqhakaza ngakumbi, zisizisele ikhemistri esingazange siyicinge ukuba inokwenzeka. ”
Qaphela: Zonke iimpendulo zithunyelwe nge-imeyile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-07-2023