Iingcali ezi-6 ziqikelela iindlela ezinkulu zekhemistri ngo-2023
Iingcali zekhemistri kwezemfundo nakwimizi-mveliso zixoxa ngezinto eziza kuba ziindaba eziphambili kunyaka ozayo
Ityala: uWill Ludwig/C&EN/Shutterstock
UMaher El-Kady, Igosa eliyiNtloko leTekhnoloji, Amandla e-Nanotech, kunye ne-Electronic Chemist, iYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles
Ityala: Ngobubele bukaMaher El-Kady
“Ukuze siphelise ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha efosili size sinciphise ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, enye indlela yokwenyani kukufaka umbane kuyo yonke into ukusuka emakhaya ukuya kwiimoto. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, sifumene impumelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni nasekuvelisweni kweebhetri ezinamandla ngakumbi okulindeleke ukuba zitshintshe kakhulu indlela esihamba ngayo ukuya emsebenzini kunye nokutyelela abahlobo kunye nosapho. Ukuqinisekisa ukutshintshela ngokupheleleyo kumandla ombane, kusafuneka uphuculo olongezelelekileyo kubuninzi bamandla, ixesha lokuphinda sitshaje, ukhuseleko, ukuphinda sisebenzise, kunye neendleko nge-kilowatt ngeyure. Umntu angalindela ukuba uphando lwebhetri lukhule ngakumbi ngo-2023 kunye nenani elikhulayo leengcali zamakhemikhali kunye nesayensi yezinto ezisebenzisanayo ukunceda ukufaka iimoto zombane ezininzi endleleni.”
UKlaus Lackner, uMqondisi, Iziko leeKhabhoni ezingezizo eziyingozi, iYunivesithi yaseArizona State
Ityala: IYunivesithi yaseArizona State
“Ukusukela kwi-COP27, [ingqungquthela yezendalo yamazwe ngamazwe ebibanjwe ngoNovemba e-Egypt], injongo yemozulu ye-1.5 °C ayizange ifumaneke, igxininisa isidingo sokususwa kwekhabhoni. Ke ngoko, u-2023 uza kubona inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bokubamba umoya ngqo. Bubonelela ngendlela enokwandiswa yokukhupha umbane ongcolileyo, kodwa bubiza kakhulu kulawulo lwenkunkuma yekhabhoni. Nangona kunjalo, ukubamba umoya ngqo kunokuqala kancinci kwaye kukhule ngenani endaweni yobukhulu. Njengamaphaneli elanga, izixhobo zokubamba umoya ngqo zinokuveliswa ngobuninzi. Imveliso enkulu ibonakalise ukwehla kweendleko ngobukhulu. U-2023 unokubonelela ngembono yokuba zeziphi iiteknoloji ezinikezelweyo ezinokusebenzisa ithuba lokunciphisa iindleko ezikhoyo ekuvelisweni ngobuninzi.”
RALPH MARQUARDT, IGOSA ELIYINTLOKO LOKUTSHA, IINDWENDWE ZIKA-EVONIK
Ityala: Evonik Industries
“Ukuthintela utshintsho lwemozulu ngumsebenzi omkhulu. Kungaphumelela kuphela ukuba sisebenzisa izixhobo ezimbalwa kakhulu. Uqoqosho olujikelezayo lokwenyani lubalulekile koku. Igalelo leshishini leekhemikhali koku liquka izixhobo ezintsha, iinkqubo ezintsha, kunye nezongezo ezinceda ekuvuleni indlela yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iimveliso esele zisetyenzisiwe. Zenza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ngoomatshini kube nempumelelo ngakumbi kwaye zenza ukuba kusetyenziswe iikhemikhali ngendlela efanelekileyo nangaphaya kwe-pyrolysis esisiseko. Ukuguqula inkunkuma ibe zizinto ezixabisekileyo kufuna ubuchule obuvela kushishino lweekhemikhali. Kumjikelo wokwenyani, inkunkuma iyaphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ibe zizinto ezixabisekileyo kwiimveliso ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sikhawuleze; izinto ezintsha zethu ziyafuneka ngoku ukuze sikwazi ukuxhasa uqoqosho olujikelezayo kwixesha elizayo.”
USarah E. O'CONNOR, uMqondisi, iSebe le-Bioynthesis yeMveliso yendalo, i-Max Planck Insitute ye-Chemical Ecology
Ityala: Sebastian Reuter
“Iindlela ze-'-Omics' zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iijini kunye nee-enzymes ezisetyenziswa ziibhaktheriya, iifungi, izityalo, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ukwenza iimveliso zendalo ezintsonkothileyo. Ezi jini kunye nee-enzymes zingasetyenziswa, zihlala zidibene neenkqubo zeekhemikhali, ukuphuhlisa amaqonga emveliso ye-biocatalytic enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwiimolekyuli ezingenakubalwa. Ngoku singenza '-omics' kwiseli enye. Ndiqikelela ukuba siza kubona indlela ii-transcriptomics zeseli enye kunye nee-genomics eziguqula ngayo isantya esizifumana ngaso ezi jini kunye nee-enzymes. Ngaphezu koko, i-metabolomics yeseli enye ngoku inokwenzeka, isenza sikwazi ukulinganisa uxinano lweekhemikhali kwiiseli nganye, isinika umfanekiso ochanekileyo ngakumbi wendlela iseli esebenza ngayo njengefektri yeekhemikhali.”
URICHMOND SARPONG, ICHEMISI YEMAZI YEMVELISO, IYUNIVESITHI YASE-CALIFORNIA, E-BERKELEY
Ityala: uNiki Stefanelli
"Ukuqonda ngcono ubunzima beemolekyuli zendalo, umzekelo indlela yokwahlula phakathi kobunzima besakhiwo kunye nokulula kokwenziwa, kuya kuqhubeka kuvela kwinkqubela phambili yokufunda koomatshini, eya kukhokelela ekukhawulezisweni kokwenziwa ngcono kokusabela kunye nokuqikelela. Olu phuculo luya kondla iindlela ezintsha zokucinga ngokwahlula-hlula indawo yeekhemikhali. Enye indlela yokwenza oku kukwenza utshintsho kwimida yeemolekyuli kwaye enye kukuchaphazela utshintsho kwisiseko seemolekyuli ngokuhlela amathambo eemolekyuli. Ngenxa yokuba ii-cores zeemolekyuli zendalo zineebhondi eziqinileyo ezifana ne-carbon-carbon, i-carbon-nitrogen, kunye neebhondi ze-carbon-oxygen, ndikholelwa ukuba siza kubona ukukhula kwenani leendlela zokusebenza kwezi ntlobo zeebhondi, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezingaphazanyiswanga. Inkqubela phambili kwi-photoredox catalysis nayo inokuba negalelo kwiindlela ezintsha ekuhleleni kwamathambo."
U-Alison Wendlandt, ingcali yekhemikhali yendalo, iMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Ityala: uJustin Knight
"Ngowama-2023, iingcali zekhemikhali eziphilayo ziya kuqhubeka nokunyusa iindlela zokukhetha. Ndilindele ukukhula okungakumbi kweendlela zokuhlela ezibonelela ngokuchanekileyo kwinqanaba le-atom kunye nezixhobo ezintsha zokulungisa ii-macromolecules. Ndiyaqhubeka ndiphefumlelwa kukuhlanganiswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezazikade zikufuphi kwisixhobo sekhemistri yendalo: izixhobo ze-biocatalytic, electrochemical, photochemical, kunye nesayensi yedatha ephucukileyo ziya kuba zixabiso eliqhelekileyo. Ndilindele ukuba iindlela ezisebenzisa ezi zixhobo ziya kuchuma ngakumbi, zisizise ikhemistri esingazange siyicinge."
Qaphela: Zonke iimpendulo zithunyelwe nge-imeyile.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-07-2023