Kufuneka uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-citric acid kwi-e-liquids ukuze kuqondwe ngcono amandla ayo okwenza ii-anhydrides ezinokuba yingozi kwimiphunga.
I-citric acid ivela ngokwemvelo emzimbeni kwaye "ngokubanzi ibonwa njengekhuselekileyo" e-United States ukuze isetyenziswe kwiimveliso eziphefumlwayo ngamayeza. Nangona kunjalo, ukubola kwe-citric acid ngobushushu kunokwenzeka kumaqondo obushushu okusebenza kwezinye izixhobo zokufunxa. Malunga ne-175-203°C, i-citric acid inokubola ukuze yenze i-citraconic anhydride kunye ne-isomerec itaconic anhydride yayo.
Ezi anhydrides zizinto ezenza kube lula ukuphefumla—iikhemikhali ezithi xa ziphefumliwe, zibangele ukusabela okubangelwa kukwalana komzimba, ukusuka kwiimpawu zomkhuhlane wehay ukuya kwi-anaphylactic shock.
Izazinzulu zecuba zaseBritane zaseMelika zisebenzise i-gas chromatography kunye ne-time-of-flight mass spectrometry ukuhlalutya umphunga oveliswayo xa i-e-liquid equlethe i-citric acid ifudunyezwa kwisixhobo sokufutha. Isixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo yayiyicuba le-elektroniki lesizukulwana sokuqala (njengecuba). Izazinzulu zikwazile ukulinganisa inani elikhulu le-anhydride kumphunga.
Iziphumo ziboniswe namhlanje kwintlanganiso yonyaka ye-Nicotine and Tobacco Research Association eFlorence, e-Itali.
“I-asidi ye-citric kwi-e-liquid ingakhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu e-citraconia kunye/okanye i-itaconic anhydride kumsi, kuxhomekeke kwisixhobo,” utshilo uGqr. Sandra Costigan, iNgcali yeTyhefu kwiVaping Products.
“Nangona kunjalo, sikholelwa ekusebenziseni iincasa ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye sizisusile ezinye iincasa kwiimveliso zethu.” ezihlolisiswe ngaphambi kokuba ioyile ithengiswe,” utshilo uCostigan.
Uninzi kuluntu lwezempilo lukholelwa ukuba ii-e-cigarettes zinamandla amakhulu okunciphisa impembelelo yokutshaya kwimpilo yoluntu. I-Public Health England, i-arhente ephetheyo yeSebe lezeMpilo lase-UK, isandula ukukhupha ingxelo ethi ukusetyenziswa kwee-e-cigarette kuqikelelwa ukuba kukhuselekile ngama-95% kunokutshaya icuba. I-Royal College of Physicians ithe uluntu lunokuqiniseka ukuba ii-e-cigarettes zikhuselekile kakhulu kunokutshaya kwaye kufuneka zikhuthazwe ngokubanzi njengendlela yokutshintsha iicuba.
Ukuba udibana nengxaki yokubhala, ukungachaneki, okanye ungathanda ukufaka isicelo sokuhlela umxholo weli phepha, nceda usebenzise le fomu. Kwimibuzo ngokubanzi, nceda sebenzisa ifomu yethu yoqhagamshelwano. Ukuze ufumane ingxelo ngokubanzi, nceda sebenzisa icandelo lezimvo zoluntu elingezantsi (nceda unike iingcebiso).
Ingxelo yakho ibaluleke kakhulu kuthi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobuninzi bemiyalezo, asinakuqinisekisa iimpendulo zomntu ngamnye.
Idilesi yakho ye-imeyile isetyenziselwa kuphela ukwazisa abamkeli ukuba ngubani othumele i-imeyile. Idilesi yakho okanye idilesi yommkeli ayizukusetyenziselwa nayiphi na enye injongo. Ulwazi olufakileyo luya kuvela kwi-imeyile yakho kwaye aluyi kugcinwa yiMedical Xpress nangayiphi na indlela.
Fumana uhlaziyo lweveki nganye kunye/okanye lwemihla ngemihla kwibhokisi yakho yemiyalezo engenayo. Ungazikhupha nanini na kwaye asisayi kwabelana ngedatha yakho nabantu besithathu.
Le webhusayithi isebenzisa iikuki ukuze kube lula ukuhambahamba, ukuhlalutya indlela osebenzisa ngayo iinkonzo zethu, ukuqokelela idatha ukuze wenze iintengiso zibe zezakho, kunye nokubonelela ngomxholo ovela kubantu besithathu. Ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu, uyavuma ukuba uyifundile kwaye uyayiqonda iMigaqo-nkqubo yethu yaBucala kunye neMigqaliselo yoSetyenziso.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-12-2023